![]() For both disorders, it is important to consider potential causes of transcellular shifts because patients are at increased risk of rebound potassium disturbances. Insulin, usually with concomitant glucose, and albuterol are preferred to lower serum potassium levels in the acute setting sodium polystyrene sulfonate is reserved for subacute treatment. To prevent cardiac conduction disturbances, intravenous calcium is administered to patients with hyperkalemic electrocardiography changes. Hypokalemia is treated with oral or intravenous potassium. Indications for urgent treatment include severe or symptomatic hypokalemia or hyperkalemia abrupt changes in potassium levels electrocardiography changes or the presence of certain comorbid conditions. Therefore, a first priority is determining the need for urgent treatment through a combination of history, physical examination, laboratory, and electrocardiography findings. When severe, potassium disorders can lead to life-threatening cardiac conduction disturbances and neuromuscular dysfunction. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts.
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